Pardesco · Randall Morgan · Cincinnati

Projections from a Higher Space

Real four-dimensional polytopes — cast down into our world as crystal, and set slowly turning.


4D → 3D projectionGPU path-traced crystalseamless loop

The Work

Three shadows, turning

Each is an actual four-dimensional solid, projected into three dimensions and rendered as refractive crystal. 4D rotation · GPU path-traced · seamless loop · 2026.

The 600-Cell hexacosichoron · 720 edges · threefold axis The regular polychoron with the most cells: six hundred tetrahedra, seen down a threefold axis and turned in the 4D plane through it. 2026 · path-traced digital video · 1080 × 1920 px · 6 s loop, 24 fps
The 120-Cell hecatonicosachoron · 120 cells · fivefold axis A dodecahedron of dodecahedra, seen down a fivefold axis and turned in the 4D plane through it, so every frame keeps its fivefold symmetry. 2026 · path-traced digital video · 1080 × 1920 px · 6 s loop, 24 fps
The Grand Antiprism 500 edges · non-Wythoffian · fivefold axis The only convex uniform polychoron that cannot be built by Wythoff's mirror construction. Conway and Guy found it in 1965. 2026 · path-traced digital video · 1080 × 1920 px · 6 s loop, 24 fps
Year2026
MediumDigital video — GPU path-traced render of exact four-dimensional geometry
MaterialsUniform polychoron vertex data (Bowers catalogue) · refractive crystal shader · single light at the form's centroid
Dimensions1080 × 1920 px · 24 fps · 6.0-second seamless loops
ToolsCustom open-source 4D engine · Universal Scene Description · Blender / Cycles with OptiX on NVIDIA RTX 5070 Ti · custom Blender add-ons · AI coding agents (Claude Code, Codex), software only
AuthorshipHuman-authored. No generative image or video model was used; every frame is rendered from exact geometry.

The Instrument · The Story

Coded, not modeled

The process in 55 seconds, silent: exact vertices → code → the 4D viewer → path-traced in Blender · Cycles → cast in sterling silver. Real source code, screen recording, renders and photographs throughout.

Nothing here is modeled. Each form is a real four-dimensional solid — a uniform polychoron whose vertices are exact coordinates in four-space. You cannot sculpt such a thing, and no camera can photograph it. The only honest way to see one is to build the machine that projects it — so I did.

I designed a four-dimensional viewer from the mathematics up and built it with AI coding agents writing to my specification: it turns the polytope through a plane of four-space, projects it into three dimensions, and carries each point's depth in the fourth dimension forward as the thickness of the light that draws it. The rotation is plain linear algebra, accurate to one part in a quadrillion, and every loop closes on itself perfectly, repeating without a seam.

The hard part is what no tutorial covers: projection singularities where points race to infinity, a stable point-count as edges sweep the pole, a turn that must return exactly to its origin. That geometry flows through Universal Scene Description into Blender, where geometry nodes grow crystal along the curves and a GPU path-tracer renders it as refractive glass, lit from a single point at the form's own center.

Not the wireframes the fourth dimension is usually drawn with, but physically path-traced crystal: hundreds of self-intersecting edges bending light like a cut gem.

I trained as an architect, and this is still architecture — drawing spaces no one can stand inside yet. Here the three things I have always chased stop being separate: the mathematics is the truth, the technology the instrument, the agentic AI the leverage that lets one person hold an entire studio. The AI is not the artist — it is what turns a lifetime's fascination with higher dimensions into something you can behold.

On authorship. No generative image or video model made any part of this work. Every frame is a deterministic render of exact geometry. AI coding agents (Claude Code, Codex) wrote software to my specification: the viewer, the exporter and the Blender tools. Which forms to show, how they turn and are projected, the crystal, the single light at the center, the camera, the finishing treatment and every edit are my decisions.

Turn it yourself

The 600-cell, live

The same geometry, drawn live in your browser: 120 vertices and 720 edges in four-space, turning through two planes at once and projected into three. Drag to turn it in three dimensions. Each edge's thickness and color carry its depth in the fourth dimension — the same encoding that sets the crystal's tube radius in the renders.

A lightweight sketch of the instrument. The full viewer is free at 4d.pardesco.com.

Studies

Before the crystal, a line

Every crystal starts as this: the bare edges of the form, projected and drawn in light. These plates were made for Ana & Kata, a book on the fourth dimension I am finishing now. This is where I decide what a shape is, before deciding how it should look.

Line drawing of the 120-cell in stereographic projection, violet and blue
The 120-Cellstereographic
Line drawing of the 120-cell in perspective projection, red and orange
The 120-Cellperspective
Line drawing of the 600-cell in stereographic projection, red and orange
The 600-Cellstereographic
Line drawing of the snub 24-cell in stereographic projection, blue
The Snub 24-Cellstereographic
Line drawing of the grand antiprism in stereographic projection, blue and green
The Grand Antiprismstereographic
Line drawing of the 48-cell in stereographic projection, rose and gold
The 48-Cellstereographic
Line drawing of the small stellated 120-cell in stereographic projection, pink
The Small Stellated 120-Cellstereographic
Line drawing of the runcitruncated tesseract in stereographic projection: blue curved edges forming a symmetric rosette
The Runcitruncated Tesseractstereographic
Year2026
MediumDigital line render of exact four-dimensional geometry · Blender / Cycles, emission only
Dimensions1800 × 2700 px plates, shown here at 720 × 1080
First version: the 120-cell framed by eye from an arbitrary angle, crowded and lopsided
First version: framed by eye
Second version: the same 120-cell viewed down its axis of symmetry, settled and centered
Second version: down the axis of symmetry

The version that failed

Thirty-one plates, drawn twice

I framed the first set by eye, turning each shape until it looked right. Most came out busy and a little lopsided, and none of them settled. The fault was the viewpoint: a polytope has axes where its symmetry lines up, and I was looking from between them.

The second pass used a tool I specified for the job. It turns a cell, face or edge centre of the shape onto the pole of the projection, finds the axis of highest rotational symmetry and points the camera straight down it, with a mirror line vertical. The geometry and the projection stayed the same. The viewpoint changed, and I redid the palettes alongside it.

It broke things on the way. Seen edge-first, one edge runs through the projection pole, out to infinity and back; it rendered as a flat disc aimed at the camera and had to be dropped. One plate turned out to show the truncated 16-cell under a caption that said truncated tesseract. Four shapes were too dense to read at book size and were replaced.

Exhibited

ETHDenver, 2026

A live program shown at ETHDenver 2026, built to be met in a room rather than scrolled past.

Technē // Genesis runcinated tesseract · 64 vertices · 192 edges · stereographic A live program. The polytope turns through the fourth dimension while the panels below print the rotation matrix and the vertex coordinates that define it, frame by frame. Shown here as a frame-exact capture of the running code. 2025 · real-time WebGL (code) · 2160 × 3840 px · 10 s seamless loop · shown at ETHDenver 2026

Technē is Greek for craft; genesis is becoming. I made the piece for ETHDenver under the Bitcoin motto VIRES IN NUMERIS, strength in numbers, and the numbers on screen are literal. Every value is the real data of the form at that instant, recomputed as it turns. Nothing is there for decoration.

The Artist

Randall Morgan

Randall Morgan
  • PracticeDimensional art · computational geometry
  • TrainingArchitecture, UC · DAAP
  • Manifest GalleryNumbers, Cincinnati '26
  • ETHDenverTechnē//Genesis, '26
  • JMM Art ExhibitionBoston '23 · D.C. '26
  • Bridges GalleryHalifax, 2023
  • NFT.NYC2024
  • Claire Silver AIFinalist, 2023
  • Collections27 countries
  • Active since2018

Randall Morgan works as Pardesco — a dimensional artist and computational geometer in Cincinnati, Ohio.

Trained in architecture at the University of Cincinnati (DAAP), he translates higher mathematics into contemplative form across laser etching, CNC carving, 3D printing, cast silver, and rendering. His research centers on four-dimensional polytopes, hyperbolic tilings, and sacred geometry — exact structures, rendered until they feel inhabited.

His work has shown at Manifest Gallery's Numbers exhibition in Cincinnati (2026), ETHDenver (2026), with the real-time piece Technē//Genesis, the Joint Mathematics Meetings Art Exhibition (Boston, 2023; Washington, D.C., 2026), the Bridges Mathematical Art Gallery (Halifax, 2023), and NFT.NYC (2024). A CNC-carved parametric work was a finalist in the Claire Silver AI art competition, and his pieces are held in private collections across twenty-seven countries.

Every piece begins as exact coordinates. Active since 2018, he chooses the forms, decides how each one turns and is lit, and directs AI coding agents to build the tools that carry the geometry to a render or to a machine — a one-person studio, human art direction with machine leverage.

In Matter

The same geometry, made physical

Before the renders, the practice was wood and metal: forms carved, etched and cast from exact geometry. Selected earlier works.

The 120-Cell: a sterling silver projection of a four-dimensional polytope, held between two fingers
The 120-Cell hecatonicosachoron · perspective projection 2022 · 925 sterling silver, antique finish; lost-wax cast from a 3D-printed pattern (Shapeways)
The 48-Cell: a bronze projection of a four-dimensional polytope
The 48-Cell tetracontoctachoron · perspective projection 2024 · bronze; lost-wax cast from a 3D-printed pattern (Shapeways)
Jiva, detail: a sterling silver four-dimensional polytope set into a carved fractal hardwood panel
Jiva (detail) rectified 24-cell · fractal relief 2022 · CNC-carved hardwood, gel stain; the polytope lost-wax cast in 925 sterling silver from a 3D print · 35.6 × 45.7 cm (14 × 18 in) · unique
Hyperstar II: a carved aspen star with stone inlay and a gold-leaf center
Hyperstar II hyperbolic tessellation · parametric 2022 · CNC-milled aspen, stone inlay, gold leaf · 48 × 48 × 2 cm · Bridges 2023, Halifax
Growth Spiral I: a square CNC-milled wood relief, gel-stained, whose carved four-pointed stars and lens shapes shrink along logarithmic spirals toward the center
Growth Spiral I logarithmic spiral · parametric 2022 · CNC-milled wood, gel stain · 48 × 48 × 2 cm · JMM 2023, Boston
Seven Stars (After Dürer, 1521): a laser-etched maple disc carrying Dürer's knot pattern on a hyperbolic tiling
Seven Stars (After Dürer, 1521) {6,4} tiling · Poincaré disk 2025 · laser-etched maple, acrylic paint removal · 40 × 40 × 0.6 cm · JMM 2026, Washington, D.C.

We only ever see the shadow of the higher thing. The straight is made curved in its descent; the eternal form is known only as it turns. I only built the window.
Pardesco